Life Cycle Stages Essay Example for Free

Life Cycle Stages EssayThere are iv make ups in the monetary life cycle of an individual. The accumulation, saving, pre- privacy and retirement stages. Judging from the financial ratios of Winston and Yvonne, we concluded that Winston and Yvonne are in stage 2 the savings stage of the financial life cycle phase. This stage of the life cycle is usually characterized by the ontogenesis of assets, net expenditure and the decline in the use of debts, as by this stage Winston and Yvonne switch already accumulated more assets over the years and would seek to protect their wealth and priorities and at the same time seek to be more risk adverse than before. People in this stage are usually concerned in saving for the future desire childrens education, retirement etc. As the savings Ratio can be easily explained by the amount of money a person saves as a theatrical role of their total income. The level of savings as a percentage of Winstons and Yvonnes income is 60.41% as calcul ated is expected of the couple in their mid 30s falling in this stage of the life cycle as it portrayed luxuriously savings planning for the future of their childrens education. In the savings stage of the life cycle, we could expect an increase in net worth and assets as those had been accumulated before reaching conservation phases in that cycle.The increase in assets meant that Winston and Yvonne have a relatively high net worth as calculated at 74.51%. As Winston and Yvonne have a relatively high net worth ratio, their financial solvency is lower as most of their funds are being tied up with their fixed assets and their high net worth ratio also showed that their investments and commitments are being funded by debts and trade payables that are not proportionate. Winston and Yvonne might also face problems such as liquidity problems as their high ratio meant that they do not have immediate access to their cash. Therefore any decline in value of their investments or in any aspect that is relevant to their assets would cause them to have the unfitness to pay back their debt, thus lead to bankruptcy. Winston and Yvonne should seek to lower their net worth ratio by diversifying their funds in lesser fixed assets like property, home contents and education funds as lowering the ratio of their net worth would help them have more financial flexibility and power to meet their financial payment obligations. http//smallbusiness.chron.com/interpret-assetstonetworth-ratios-57281.html. http//www.accounting in any casels.com/net-worth-ratio.As Winston and Yvonne are in their wealth protection phase, we explained that there would be an indication of a high net worth and a decrease in the use of debts. The debt Service ratio is the monthly debt commitments in comparison to total income and expressed in a percentage. In some other words it is the ratio of the ability to repay loans over a period of time. If a debt service ratio is too high it would mean that one is too hig hly leveraged and has a high amount of loan and in the long run might run into difficulties in repaying off the loan commitment in the future. In this stage we expected financial prudence and a high risk adversity. The low debt service ratio of Winston and Yvonne at 14.21% indicated the low dependability on debt and increases their ability to service their debt, reducing the risk of them not being able to continue going in the long run. This could be expected of them as they are seeking to save for the future and make sure that they are able to service their liabilities in the long run and not exhausted halfway through and through by limiting their commitments and slowly getting a debt free approach when it comes to their retirement. http//www.e-conomic.co.uk/accountingsystem/glossary/debt-ratio.

Biography of Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Biography of Julius Caesar EssayJulius Caesar was born in 100BC to the aristocratic family of Gaius Caesar and Aurelius. He lost his father when he was cardinal. He got married to Cornelia in 84BC. He refused the order by Sulla to divorce his wife and went on exile to Asia where he learnt the art of contend. He returned to Rome after Sullas death and was subsequently choose quaestor. After the death of his wife, He married Pompela, who was related to Pompey one of his political associates. In 65BC he was elected curule aedile and three years later the praetor.He became regulator of Farther in 61BC and formed the first triumvirate, with Pompey and Crassus, in 60BC. He was elected consul in 59BC and same(p) year married Calprnia. He was appointed governor of Roan Gaul in 58BC and perfected his rule with the conquest of Gallic Gaul. The Roman Civil war began in 59BC and culminated in Caesars rise to great leadership role until on March 15th, 44BC the unprecedented happened. Cae sars life is captured in prose done the literary prowess demonstrated by Antony Kamm. He shows his depth of knowlight-emitting diodege and insight into the complex nature of Caesars story.His study of scholastic work proves useful, as it brings sassy insight into understanding the life and piece of this great Roman leader. He shows the military leadership Caesar undertook and how it can influence our understanding of leadership in those days, as different from ours. Julius Caesar is presented in the context of human relationships he devised and others that shaped his life. Kamm also narrates cultural, religious and military landscape of the Roman republic in light of Caesars journey through life. Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Cicero are shown as partners in progress or dishonor.Sevilia and Cleopatra are accorded the plausible position Caesar gave them. III. MAIN IDEA The main idea of the script is that Julius Caesar is more than the stories we nourish heard that he is far beyond the m yths that surround his life history and that his life is a symbol of balanced service. In the vein, Kamm raises his character to the pinnacle of a superhero worthy of emulation and applaud. IV. SETTING The book contains 155 pages of considerably constructed theme of a roman hero. It details in politic prose the Pilgrims progress of Gaius Julius Caesar and his life impacted the entire populace pf ancient Rome.It is written in well separated chapter properly linked and facilitated with ease of coherence. This account is well researched to suit the demands of the twenty-first century. V. IMPORTANT CHARACTERS The story of Julius Caesar is an interesting adventure of a bold man whose life is comparable to that of other great people handle Alexandra, the Great. I came, I saw, I conquered those are his words they clearly confirm his strength of character and charisma. He lived true to his dream, dedicated to the course he wished and enthusiastic in the pursuit of the same.In his pursu it of honor, the influence of his mother can not be forgotten. He lost his father when he was only sixteen but his mother took him through the painful lessons of life. Indeed, he is an example of a leader except for the tyrant nature of his leadership style he led a number of fights to victories against nations with immense military support and ammunitions. There are lesson from every stage of his journey on the Earth, from his growth with his influential parents, to his youth and the ensuant exuberance he enjoyed. His rise to limelight is worthwhile and his fall to betrayal et coup is notable.Cassius acts in conjunction with Brutus culminated in the assassination of Caesar they suffered for this. Many people have been endeared by this kind of life. They have attempted to cave a niche for themselves n through the use of words and symbols to re-present this roman general. Julius Caesars live, as captured by Plutarch in his historical outlook on lives of notable roman generals, spea ks volume that can not be expounded by a single perspective of an individual. As a result, there have been many historical accounts and biographies in honor of Caesar apart from William Shakespeares play. VI MOST INTERESTING EVENTFrom the historical account of Cesars life, many events are important. He refused the order by Sulla to divorce his wife and went on exile to Asia where he learnt the art of war. He returned to Rome after Sullas death and was subsequently elected quaestor. He later married Pompela, who was related to Pompey one of his political associates. In 65BC he was elected curule aedile and three years later the praetor. He became governor of Farther in 61BC and formed the first triumvirate He was elected consul in 59BC. He was appointed governor of Roan Gaul in 58BC and perfected his rule with the conquest of Gallic Gaul.The Roman Civil war began in 59BC and culminated in Caesars rise to greater leadership role until on March 15th, 44BC. After his death, Rome continu ed to war for many years. The most important was his assassination by a coup planned by Cassius, supported by Marcus Brutus, his close friend, and other senators. Cassius convinces Brutus of the need to eliminate Julius Caesar because of the possibility of turning Romes republic into a monarchy through Caesars lineage. The senators agree to this. Cesar approaches senate in the morning of the assassination on his way, he was warned by a soothsayer to Beware of the Ides of March.He ignores the warning and heads for the Senate where he rejects a request brought before him, as expected. There, he was beaten to death. He however notices the presence of Brutus among his killers, and exclaims the popular clause Et tu, Brutus meaning And you, Brutus. Thereafter, Brutus delivers a logical name and address at his funeral to convince the Roman people of the reason for Caesars assassination which was followed closely by the powerful and excellent rhetoric of Marcus Antonio that moves the mob t o drive Marcus and his cohorts from Rome.The triumvirate comprising Marcus Antonio, Octavius and Aemilus find the rulers of Rome and fights to victory with the army of the assassinators Brutus and Cassius commits suicide in the face of defeat. VII CONCLUDING SENTENCE Kamm has proved his ability to synthesize facts from complex details into smooth prose. And Julius Caesar remains head of state in ancient or modern times applied himself so assiduously to such a range of physiologic and intellectual activities, and excelled at them all. REFERENCE KAMM A. JULIUS CAESAR A LIFE. September, 2006.

Better to convince people than to force them Essay Example for Free

Better to convince passel than to force them Es differentiateIt is better to convince people than to force them DISAGREE/ Agree I would like to talk to you ab step up today the topic convincing people is better forcing them and I am against this verbalism no forcing people is better but I also agree and saying that convincing Is better, please dont get confused because in several(prenominal) cases it is truly better to force people but in some other cases it is better to convince all depending on the situation. There argon a few ways to prove this point. One, forcing someone to do something is quicker and more efficient. There is also a term fake it till you moderate it.Convincing people might make it slower and waste time but in some cases it will be more efficient and frankincense be less violence. Forcing people can be quicker and more efficient. I believe in some cases being forced to do something is frequently more effective than convincing since it will be a waste of time. One, Valley and the damnAnother example is homework, I know we all loathe it but, we have to do it, we are forced to because of teachers and parents even though we dont want to we are forced to do so but cipher if they tried to convince us but, obviously no one will actually do it in the end, in other words you can say they force us because they want what is best for us. Have you ever heard the term Fake it until you make it before? New schoolWorking outConvincing people does take time but reduces all force or in some cases war or violence. Palestine and Israel war for the yesteryear almost 70 yearsImagine a world where there were no advertisement and you were forced to eat them than to convince them. Eating products forcefully buy forcefully.But this might not always work in some cases like for example in Syria where the war that has been occurring for more than two years and afterwards all the bloodshed and lives lost there is no room for trying to convince someone who h as lost everything to the regime to stop fighting. Trying to convince some and to force someone both have their own time and place. To reduce violenceNot to waste time in case of emergency

Illegal Immigration Immigrants

flagitious in-migration ImmigrantsRunning Head contraband immigration in the US Is it hurting us or helping us?IntroductionFor course of instructions, the debate on unauthorized immigrants has been a hot topic in the unite States. Although it is an screw that has been a part of our parliamentary law for a long time, it is a very difficult issue to study. The amount of vile immigrants that have made the country their homes is non an actu bothy cognize numerate. more than of the illegal men, women, and children that we have living in the US have not been observed or accounted for making it hard to distinguish salutary how big the occupation is. In addition to this issue of unaccountability, the nation has yet to develop a census that asks members of our society of their legal status in the US. This has been an ongoing debate and it seems as though, despite the umpteen departments established and bills passed on this issue, we will never find a greens ground. Should we c ontinue to spend m integrityy and time trying to take the range the illegal migration of unauthorized immigrants in the US or are their presences helping to build a stronger nation?Illegal in-migration in the US is a complex issue for several reasons. there has been a history of attempts to control the illegal population in the US, but yet and still, we have no answer. The number of immigrants that we have living in the US is not precisely known making it hard to determine how large the issue is and how wide spread is it affecting our nation. Where do we start if we dont know where they are? The complexity of the issue is one that needs to be observed more than the prevalence of the issue because no one on this side of statistical research and the analysis of our population has expressn that this is indeed a problem for our economy and the society we live in. Some of the nations economist and business owners have determined that the American economy depends on illegal worker s because they except low-wage jobs, pay taxes and spend money, all of which expands back to our depicted object economy.On the otherwise hand, in that respect are illegal immigrants that are in the US to take advantage of the work that our federal government provides to the less fortunate. States such as California, Texas, Florida and azimuth are concerned with the large amounts of unauthorized immigrants in their jurisdictions and are seeking government assistance to provide education, health care and other social services that the state is required by law to provide to every person that abides in that state. Looking at the issue from this perspective would cause one to imagine that the cost of providing a better look to an unauthorized immigrant is too high.This review of the effects of illegal immigration is not some affaire we can devote one field of study or one discipline to. The problem is so complex that when you look at the issue from one perspective it eliminates the chances of finding a earthy ground due to the biases of the research. The fast growth of our population can take effects on our government policies, education system, work force and job availability, health care system, and the amounts of crime that any one city may face. With an increased number of people there are to take care of, there is a decreased amount of resources to provide to any one individual or family. This issue lacks the simplicity of a right or revile answer. Illegal immigration is an issue that needs to be research based on an interdisciplinary perspective based on the premise that, devoting one discipline to the study leaves come out so many important factors and arguments that are for or against this issue.The number of disciplines that have taken an interest in this subject can range from government to the understructure of the family but in this report we will stress on the disciplines of political economy, Sociology and Political Science. These thre e disciplines have been proven to provide analysis of this issue on a wide spread basis.The study of economics includes the study of labor, land, and investments, of money, income, and production, and of taxes and government expenditures. According to the Gallop Poll, 66% of Americans believe that illegal immigrants are costing taxpayers too oft money by using up government services such as public education and medical programs, rather than becoming productive citizens. At the same time, 74% of the people surveyed insisted that illegal immigrants in the US are helping the economy because they are willing to take low-paying jobs that most Americans are not willing to take. The problems that an illegal worker can cause on the economy are apparent in many of the scholarly studies on this issue and common ground seems farther from being discovered.Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate th e structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts. Illegal immigration is obviously one of those issues that are affecting our society as a whole. Every year the size of the population living illegally increases by as much as 500,000 people. This flow of people is exploited by criminal structure involved in the smuggling of people and trafficking of illegal documents across the border. Illegal immigration has become a drain on social services and because of the conditions in which illegal immigrants work and live, many have found it difficult to engage the law and are at risk of becoming under-class and the source of social conflict.Political science is the study of governments, public policies and political processes, systems,and political behavior. The government in the US has attempted to reduce illegal immigration mainly by making use of two immigration policies border patrol and employer sanctions. Each year the border patrol ma kes more than a million apprehensions of aliens that violate our nations laws by un true(a)ly crossing US borders. Such entry is a misdemeanor, but, if repeated, becomes punishable as a felony. In addition to sneaking into the country in violation of the immigration law, others enter with legal documentation and over go along their welcome. Political Science is at the heart of this debate because the government is the sole source of the policies and procedures that we must follow.The purpose of this paper is to identify the negative and the positive effects of illegal immigration in the United States and come up with a valid answer to the questionis the illegal immigration population in the US helping our nation or hurting it? So much time and effort has been spent on this issue and there is still no common ground. The policies and the procedures that have been set deviation to regulate this mass of migration have failed to do so in several ways and with each year that passes by th e issue of illegal immigrants prove itself to be uncontrollable. Should we establish a comprehensive effort to end illegal immigration once and for all or should the people of our nation accept the fact that there is no answer to the problem and move on to other important issues that are affecting us? This paper will establish an answer to just that.BackgroundThe United States holds the prestige of being the best country in the world to live in. It is the land of freedom with endless opportunities. It is understandable why citizens of poorer, opposed countries are flocking to the US. America give immigrants the opportunity to receive higher wages and an increased amount of employment options. It is an opportunity for them to have a better life and provide a better life for their families.America in its simplest form can be considered a melting pot of all different kinds of people. in that respect are hundreds if not thousands of different race groups, ethnic groups, and religion l iving on one common ground. Generation after generation people from all over the world have com e to America to start a vernal life. Some of these immigrants follow the rules of entrance and others do not. We not only carry on our land and country with Americans, we also share with a very large population of illegal immigrants. Often times when Americans think of illegal immigration, the first thing that comes to mind is the crossing of Mexicans illegally across the US border. The truth is, Mexicans are not the only illegal immigrants that we host in our country. An illegal immigrant is any hostile national that has resettled in the US in violation of immigration and nationality laws (White). There are a number of people from all over the populace that have illegal entered America and others that have overstayed their welcome according to these same laws.Illegal immigration in the US is not a problem that is new to American people. It is one of the issues that we have dealt with for a very long time. Illegal Immigration reform can be dated back as far as 1891, which is when the first laws on immigration was established in the United States. At this time legislators were given the right to deport people living in the US with illegal status. The act also portion a tax on immigrants landing on US soil. Immigrants would have to pay a 30 to 40 cent fee and the monies collected went towards things to help the town that the immigrant has landed in. This was the beginning of the citizens starting to notice the impact illegal immigration had on the country. Although the issue was recognized legislation didnt do so well. At that time illegal immigration was not seen as a big problem as many see it today.As years went on, the American government employ different tactics in order to regulate the excessive amounts of foreign nationals entering the country. There were quota systems which limited the amount of people that could reside in the US from one particular coun try. In a way, one can say this system used prejudice tactics because members of the committee decided which ethnic groups of people were most and least desirable to live in the US. In 1952 the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) was put into place. This act was basically our way of governing citizenship and immigration in the US. The INA gave authorities the right to deploy illegal immigrants once apprehended and questioned. The act also veto the entry of citizens from certain countries into the US. This act, also known as the McCarran-Walter act, is the basis of immigration law enforcement today. The INA relied on a national origins quota system also with a orientation system for Eastern Hemisphere immigrants, and was concerned with excluding and removing subversives and communists (Weissinger).Since the INS was first established, several amendments have been established in an attempt to put the illegal immigration crisis at ease. This paper does not go into detail on each of the legislations but it is apparent in research that the road to a perfect policy on immigration is a long one. By 1954, illegal immigration was perceived as so serious that the US Border Patrol launched Operation Wetback during which more than a million undocumented Mexican migrants were rounded up and deported back to Mexico (Espenshade). Within 5 years the number of illegal immigrant apprehensions dropped by 95% to less than 50,000 in 1959. This was a good start to correcting the problem but it wasnt a permanent fix which brings us to the Immigration Act of 1965. It was established after the Immigration and Nationality Act and it repealed the national origins quota system. This gave people of all nations the right to migrate to the United States regardless of their country of origin.In 1986, the Immigration Reform and accountant Act was gestural into law by President Reagan. It included amnesty for aliens who could establish residence in the United States by January 1, 1982. It allowed over 4 million immigrants to rightfully stay in the US. The act also allowed employer sanctions aimed at removing the lure of employment and gave a special exception for those aliens working in the field of agriculture. The IRCA is a very expatiate description of the policies that are supposed to be enforced by immigration regulatory agencies. A strong emphasis was put on the employment of illegal immigrants. It made it unlawful for employers to hire an immigrant knowing of his or her illegal status and it also made it illegal to employ a person without receiving documents required to prove that persons citizenship. Before this act, employers were getting involved in hiring undocumented worker but once the act took place, it made the penalties for this much higher causing the numbers of employers that were not in compliance to fall.Another issue related to illegal immigration is crime. Having an increased amount of people in the country that then, because of the Immigratio n Reform and Control Act, cant work, increased the amount of crimes throughout American cities. The Immigration Act of 1990, which genuinely took effect in 1992, attempted to remove illegal immigrants with aggravated felony convictions (Weissinger). As far as the removal and deportation of criminals was concerned, the Immigration Act was successful but other stipulations within the act allowed for the number of visas provided to foreigners for employment-based immigration to more than double.The focus on removing criminal aliens continued with the addition of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA). This act attempted to apply retroactivity to aggravated aliens felons in the United States. Over several years over 5,000 Border Patrol agents and 300 interior enforcement agents were added to the tasks force. The IIRIRA and all of the various amendments to immigration reform are under constant judicial review which makes it difficult for all of the dif ferent agencies correct this to get on one accord.A major player in the difficulty of regulating illegal immigration in the US is the fact that the actual number of illegal immigrants we have living in the US is not a known number. In addition to the number of illegal immigrants entering the US not being observed, there is also no census or other federally sponsored survey asks respondents of their legal status. Basically, we can guess how many illegal immigrants are living in the US but we will never reach an actual number. The Immigration and Nationalization Service only documents the number of illegal immigrants that have been apprehended. It does not count the number of illegal immigrants that have actually made it into the US.The Immigration and Nationalization Service is the main source of immigration reform. The two major functions of the INS include service to the public and enforcement. There is a right and a wrong way to enter the country and for those trying to obtain le gal status in the correct way, the INS is there to help. The service provided involves processing applications for benefits such as lawful permanent residence and citizenship. In order for the strategies of the INS to work successful, interior enforcement must be the most important factor in controlling immigration. Interior enforcement includes investigations, deportation, and inspections. These are all separate units within the INS. Critics of the INS claim that much more time is spent on border control than on the investigations.Based on the national census in 2000, the US Census Bureau puts the estimate of illegal immigrants at 8.7 million. Since then, United States immigration officials have said the number has grown by as much as 500,000 every year. It is apparent why illegal immigration is an issue for most Americans but it is difficult to find a base that really works. Many scholars from fields such as political science, economics, geography and social science have studied and suggested their theories and beliefs on illegal immigration in America. The issue is however too complex and the window is way to big to see it from one view. Integration is needed to get a clear cause of the effects and future of this phenomenon.ReferencesPolitical ScienceWessinger, PhD, George (11/7/2003).The Illegal Alien Problem Enforcing the Immigration Laws. New York Institute of Technology. CIBC66-327, 1-9Orrenius, Pia (2001). Illegal Immigration and Enforcement along the U.S.-Mexico Border An Overview. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 1, Retrieved 2/1/2008, from www.frbd.comWoodland, Alan D., Yoshinda, Chisato (7/2004). Risk Preference, immigration policy and illegal immigration. Journal of Development Economics. 81, 500-513.SociologyKnickerbocker, Brad (5/16/2006). Illegal Immigrants in the US How many are there?. The Christian Science Monitor, 516, Retrieved 2/1/08, from www.csmonitor.com/2006/0516/p01s02-ussc.htmChapman, Stephen Birth Control Another Assault on Immig ration. (4/8/2006). The Chicago Tribune, p. A14Judis, John (2/13/2008). Phantom Menace Americas Immigration Hysteria. The New Republic, 4, Retrieved 2/1/2008Espenshade, Thomas (1995).Unauthorized Immigration to the United States. Office of Population Research. 21, 195-216EconomicsWhite, Deborah (2/7/2008). About.com. Retrieved February 9, 2008, from About.com Illegal Immigration Explained-Profits, and Poverty, Social Security and Starvation Web site www.usliberals.about.com/od/immigration/a/IllegalImmi.htm?p=1Lecker, Tikva (2000). Foreign attend to as a Discipline on Illegal Immigration. F22, 571-577.Jacobe, Dennis (3/27/2007). Investors Believe Illegal Immigration is Hurting the U.S. Economic Climate. Gallup News Service, Retrieved 2/1/2008Jacobe, Dennis (9/14/2006).The Real Impact of Illegal Immigration. Gallup Management JournalDula, Giora, Kahana, Nava, Lecker, Tikva (2004). How to partly bounce back the struggle against illegal immigration to the source countries. J Popul Eco n. 19, 315-325

Public Health Case Study

Public Health Case StudyFundamantals of public Health Science and Practice AssessmentThis naming allow for consider a given case study involving a lady named Melissa, she is a 45 year old Afro-Caribbean lady who had a University discipline. She at a time has a good job managing a regional chain of high street clothing stores. She has been engaged to her boyfriend for 12 months. She smokes heavily and spends several evenings apiece week and every weekend in various bars and clubs, where she drinks excessively and takes recreational drugs with her friends. Her tripner disapproves of her behaviour and considers her friends to be a bad influence. She was recently taken to AE after collapsing in a nightclub. Her pargonnts and her partner argon concerned about her farsighted marches wellness. Due to these circumstances Melissa leave be assessed on her needs as an individual, given advice on how to take c atomic number 18 of her wellness and where she female genitals access th is guidance.Public wellness has been the concern of the government since Victorian times, and became the precedency of the NHS (National Health Service) in 1974. However the UK (United Kingdom) Government has begun to return the responsibility of health improvement to topical anesthetic governments. They believe that local governments name the ability to nidus on local populations and shape the services to meet the local populations needs (Department of Health 2011).Public health can be defined in a contour of ways depending on the individuals opinion and beliefs. However, it is common knowledge that public health is the prevention of disease, long term illness and a priority of prolonging life among the firm population. This process is encouraged and achieved through health promotion.The WHO (World Health organisation) definition of health promotion is the process of enabling slew to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a massive range of social and environmental interventions (WHO, 2012). All care for staff currently on the NMC (Nursing and obstetrics Council) register are involved in public health and have specific roles in promoting public health activities. One of the primary focuses with upriver breast feeding is to reduce health inequalities and social determins. However, for this to take effect it is required that all nursing practitioners fully understand the fundamentals of public health and health promotion. The upriver nursing framework, Living Well Working well and Aging well was put in place to assist in the active promotion of health and well creation (Nursing, 2012).Melissa will be educated about the services available to her and this assignment will demonstrate the understandings of key public health principles such as her age, ethnicity, religious beliefs her education and where she resides. Explaining why this may have an effect on her in society. The assign ment will discuss the relevant sociological theories surrounding inequalities within populations and communities. It will focus on Melissas current lifestyle and the possible consequences this will have on her health. Finally the assignment will crystalize on the recent policy incentives available to Melissa and her family, which will offer the support they need. To conclude a summary of findings will be discussed.Before the nursing practitioner can begin to educate Melissa about the services available to her, providing the person centered care she deserves. The nurses themselves must be aware of the fundamental key concepts within society, including the priorities and the correct practice. The relationship between health and society must be fundamental. Social circumstances have an impact on health inequalities through a compartmentalisation of means, such as age, ethnicity, education, environment, income and available support. Inequalities are simply differences in peoples cir cumstances which therefore has an impact on their health (Wills, 2005). The main social determinant that has the biggest impact on health of Melissa is her race, ethnicity, cultural background and her beliefs. The link between ethnicity and social class also has a profound impact on someones health and life expectancy. For this reason sociologists study society, helping people to understand and respond appropriately to society and culture around us. stratification is one of the sociological concepts by sociologist Max Webber. He discusses how various groups of people place within society, whether it be within a population or a community. This is often stratified by means of income, social class, gender, ethnicity, religion and political status. In Melissas case there are two key areas to discuss, firstly her hit of biological characteristics, such as her fur colour and secondly her ethnic background. Melissa is of Afro Caribbean origin, therefore her biological characteristics will differ from those of whitened British ethnicity. Her skin colour will be the more prominent difference along with her hair type, eye colour and structural build. Her ethnic background differences will presumable be her spoken native language, preferred fashion, beliefs and her religion. These forms of differences would often lead to racialism (Jennie Naidoo, 2005). Racism a combination of discrimination and prejudice based upon Melissas differences. These differences become graded inferior or superior to each other, often resulting in a belief that because someone is of differences they should be treated differently. It is this unfair treatment that consequently induces inequalities towards Melissa. consequently causing inequalities towards Melissas health (Pratt, 2006).The white paper Tackilng health inequalities for minority ethnic groups shows that in 2007 Non manual workers like Melissa reports 21 out of 100 white British people being in poor health compared to the 25 C aribbean nationals. Providing the evidence base that Melissas ethnic differences will have a downward effect on her boilers suit health compared to the UK white British population (Randhawa, 2007). The possible determines of health for such inequalities can be influenced by housing, income, environment, education and the services available within her community. Also the white paper, Fair Society Healthy Lives has statistical evidence to support that life expectancy between two men and women has a seven year difference between different social classes of society (Marmott, 2010). Inequalities of wealth and health are not only an expiration within the UK, they are global. For example, America, the UK and most European countries are among the wealthy, having a wealth, capital of over $50000 each, in comparison to Africa and Asian countries with Capital of just $2000 and under. These statistics show that the parsimoniousness of global wealth inequalities is high. Such inequalities ar e responsible for poor health services and education within these lower wealth countries, due to the simple situation that they cannot afford the resources (Mindfully.org, 2006).However, in Melissas case, social stratification which refers to the social class of people who share the same level of wealth. Would insist that Melissa has minimal strain from income inequalities in the UK. The Gilbert Kahl baffle which focuses on income consists of six categories The underclass, the working poor class, the working class, the middle class, the upper middle class and the capitalist class. The class structure of Gilberts model bases its assumptions of the economic society. In this model it would appear that Melissa having a managerial role within a chain of high street clothing stores, is part of the upper middle class society. Due to her university education and well paid date, Gilberts model would suggest that Melissa deserves what she has achieved and is empower to her share of life and her chosen lifestyle (Sill, 2014).The feminists would agree with Gilberts assumption of Melissa deserving what she has achieved regardless(prenominal) of her gender. Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett was one of the early 19th century feminists, she campaigned for the right of womens votes. She then became an activist on astir(p) womens educational opportunities (Howorth, 2004). Since then feminism activists have gone on to make changes for women within society and politics. Modern feminism has four main focuses the differences of gender, inequalities of gender, gender conquest and structural oppression. The theory of feminism is focused on giving women a voice and making awareness of womens contributions to society (Humm, 2014). Due to this women are now entitled to vote, seek employment without gender discrimination, reduced isolation of women from the household and reduced the differences in pay. Feminism has seen sections of legal legislation put in place for instance, The fi tting pay Act 1970, The Sexual Discrimination Act 1975 and the Equality Act 2006 plus many more, which all provide legal frameworks to protect women. Therefore, reducing the overall level of inequalities between women and men (Gov.uk, 2006).However, it was the historical work of Karl Marx and his Marxism theory that originally catoregised people in relation to economic production in society. Marx called this Capitalism, he implied that people who owned the production were the capitalists and the people that provided the labor were the proletariat (workers). This theory went on to create hostility between the two social classes. The proletariats were withheld from the products that they created and the development of its production, which left them feelings of alienation. This created feelings of less self worth and the social relationship between the capitalists and the proletariats became prominent in relation to power (Blaxter, 2004). However the feminists saw that it was these ec onomic inequalities of power within a population, that began the understanding in regards to inequalities between social classes and gender. Insisting that the ability to overcome capitalism, would result in the reconstruction of the gender imbalance (Yuill, 2003).It is clear to see from Melissas employment status and life style that social economy has evolved from Marxs theory and the inequalities between men, women, owners and workers has drastically reduced. However, inequalities are still the forefront subject within upstream nursing and impudent frameworks such as the National Service framework for equality and diversity. Insists that the NHS (National Health Service) will respond to different needs of different populations fairly. Assisting in the understanding of individual needs during public health support (NHS, 2014).Today, women in the UK are expected to live until they are 82, but numerous people are dying young. Melissa is a heavy smoker and drinks excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis, she is also know to indulge on recreational drugs. In 2007 1 in 6 people died before the age of 65 due to diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases and circulatory diseases, most of which are avoidable. Most longstanding illnesses are due to individual lifestyle choices and the stability of mental health (Government, 2010). Health and wellbeing are influenced by a variety of factors, for example, social environment, mental health and culture and these factors continually change across ones lifespan. The No Health Without Mental Health Framework delves into mental health outcomes in relation to health and well being. It assesses life satisfaction, self worth and stress in relation to the lifestyle choices of individuals.The fact that Melissas chooses to smoke has already put her in danger of premature health complications. Cigarette smoking accounts for approximately 100,000 UK deaths, it reduces the quality of health and causes premature death. Appro ximately 365 of respiratory deaths are caused by smoking. Short term health conditions linked to smoking are infections of the respiratory tract and the possible onset of asthma. However, Melissa is also at the risk of developing much worse conditions such as a variety of cancers, emphysema, pneumonia and chronic bronchitis. The cost of smoking cogitate illnesses is approximately 2.7 billion to 5.2 billion within each year on the NHS (ash, 2014).Melissa also chooses to regularly drink alcohol and use recreational drugs. Statistics show that regular alcohol drinkers among the UK population amounts to 58% and in 2012 1,008,850 hospital admissions were related to alcohol. It is also estimated that the misuse of alcohol costs the NHS in excess of 3.5 billion per year (Gov.uk, 2012). The miss use of drugs among adults in the UK also equates to 2.7 million UK residents, with cannabis being the most commonly used drug and ecstasy coming in second. This misuse leads to 6,549 hospital adm issions in 2013 along with 1,496 drug related deaths (Lifestyles Statistics, 2013). The main long term issues related to alcohol and drug use is an addiction, and health implications of the cardiovascular system. From these statistics is can be seen that Melissa has a very risky lifestyle and she has increase her chances of developing long and short term illnesses prematurely in relation to this.Once Melissa has had her assessment of health needs the framework model for up stream nursing protect, promote and prevent will be practiced. Local level health promotion strategies within Melissas region will be identified, such as local stop smoking support. The DH (Department of Health) published the paper Smoking Kills in 1998 and recently released the document Tobacco Control. These papers have made measures to reduce smoking in public areas, restricted advertising and have supported the rise of tobacco costs (Cartwright, 2008). The Mental Health Foundation, focus on mental health aware ness and inequalities as well as linking mental health policies, research and evidence to produce publications covering a wide range of mental health issues (Foundation, 2014). The Drink Aware campaign provides the public with information in regards to alcohol consumption. They promote responsible use of alcohol and the health issues related (Drinkaware, 2014), National Drug Prevention Alliance, provide education on addiction and how it takes control of your life. They provide support for family and friends too (Dependence, 2014). Finally the Womens Health caution campaign provides information and education to women in regards to their health and wellbeing, including advice on lifestyle concerns (Concern, 2014). Many of these public health promoting campaigns are a charity funded but are supported by the government.The government has taken responsibility for public health promotion, however the government cannot achieve this alone. Individuals have to take action in regards to ast ir(p) their own and their familys health. A new radical approach towards health and wellbeing is being pursued. At root level local authorities will be taking responsibility within society, dealing with the determines of health and support the public in making healthier selections (Nursing, 2011). The Directors of Public Health are the main advisors to the local authorities in relation to health. They are members of the health and well being board, but it is the department of Public Health England which offers the overall support to both sections. The new approach has its strategies sent out from the Secretary of Health. Who is responsible for allocating budgets to the local authorities and NHS. The Public Health England framework supports this approach. Believing, giving the responsibility back to local authorities will result in them being able to support their community with the services which that particular area needs (Health, 2013).Upon discharge from hospital Melissa will be advised on The primary care choices available to her such as GP (General Practitioner) practices and high street optometrists. The role of the nurse is influential in this case and the white paper Nusres as partners in delivering public health points out the contributions made by nurses has a major impact on style changes within the health promotion environment. It illustrates the success of upstream nursing with case study examples, providing evidence that health promotion at local levels working in partnership with other local services has a detrimental impact on reducing health inequalities (Nursing, 2009).In conclusion to this case study health and health promotion bases itself on cultural and social understanding of illness. The promotion of health is to enable the public to hold control over their own health by means of encouragement from intersectorial means. It is the influence of ones social and economic status, which can determine peoples lifestyle choices and risks. The statistics show that one bad lifestyle choice can reduce quality of life and cost health care services billions to provide treatment. Therefore, without the intervention of the government and the nursing professional background knowledge and support. The worldwide public, perhaps, would lack the reduction in health inequalities and the stabilisation of the NHS.Amanda Jane Kaye

Media Propaganda Hides American Terrorism Essay examples -- September

Media Propaganda Hides Ameri sack Terrorism An article in this months Stuff magazine for men, titled Die American Scum tells us that the domain of a function sucks. It sucks because while Americans have given other countries Mickey Mouse, burgers and gum, won wars for them, kept the peace and disposed of dictators, all we have gotten in return is terrorism. The article, by commode Parrish, goes on to discourage Americans from traveling to 10 terrorist countries including Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Colombia and Mexico. While the article attempts to further the notion that evil terrorists in the rest of the world are out to becharm innocent Americans, like many other sources of contorted propaganda, it fails to look at why. Through the news, movies and magazines such as Stuff, we are constantly bombarded with images of Middle Eastern terrorists, Colombian guerrillas or Mexican Zapatistas, all out to hurt Americans. But a look at the join States receive record and at the stereotypes b red by the media split up that Americas actions and policies generate hatred abroad. Furthermore, the image we have of a typical terrorist must be revealed for what it is - pure racism. Ask any American what country poses the biggest threat to the coupled States today and most will say Iraq. Even little kids know that Saddam Hussein embodies all that is evil in the world. We see pictures of American flag-burning Iraqis and tickle with fear and confusion. But what do we brook? U.S. sanctions have caused the deaths of millions of Iraqis. How are these deaths different than those caused by so called terrorists? Our selfishness gives birth to a dangerous cycle. Sanctions create animosity toward the United States. This hatred may lead to terrorism... ...ontradictory actions that either further or exact terrorism. Obviously, any and all terrorism is bad. But we must open our eyes to Americas own terrorist actions and look critically at why countries harbor hatred towards us. I reme mber watching TV and seeing Serbian youth in the streets put up year angrily chanting against Americans as they tore up our countrys flag. I felt afraid, but I also felt extremely guilty. I accept that the citizens of other nations do not want to hate the American people. But when we sit quietly as our government attacks them, either with bombs or sanctions, what can we expect? We must actively resist the stereotypes and untruths that the media have the power to generate. In doing so, we can begin to show the people of other nations that we are on their side and we can decrease some of the hatred that underlies terrorism.

Essay --

Psychological Effectiveness in RehabilitationRecently, many studies have proven that the psychological aspect of rehabilitation does determine the term of the brand. If a patient believes that the exercises given to repair the injury work, and so the time of healing exit be much shorter, but if someone believes that rehabilitation is ineffective, their injuries will be prolonged. Many people tend to stray away from the psychological methods of rehabilitation because they believe using different techniques cannot help stabilize the brain and adjudge ones thoughts imperious. Actually, positive mentation equals a positive outcome especially in a sport related injury. If an athlete trusts and believes in the rehab process, then they will most likely stay positive and keep up with the rehabilitation exercises. In many cases, learning about ones injury can be extremely helpful in knowing what to expect during the rehabilitation process. When an injury occurs, ask the flight simulator, doctor, or therapist questions to educate ones self about how to prepare for what is to come during rehabilitation. Coping with emotional stress during a sports injury is the best way to heal more quickly. By having a positive attitude, the patient will not get discouraged during rehab when they discover they are not as strong as they used to be preceding to the injury. Also being aware of the rehab process can assist the injured with setting goals for reco precise and reaching each milestone can be very motivational. Using mental imagery techniques can help strengthen ones mental toughness, and help prepare the brain to stay on the positive track. Because the brain is an extremely complex organ, it functions only occur due to stimulation, therefore, if t... ... outer surface of the skin. The Icy Hot will be directly on the athletes knees, and will give them the feeling that there is somewhat of warmth on their muscles. But actually, Icy Hot never penetrates the e pidermis. Menthol and methyl salicylate are know as counterirritants. They work by causing the skin to feel cool and then warm. Therefore, Icy Hot is a quick fixer because it tricks the brain into thinking that there is a reaction occurring underneath the skins surface to keep the muscles from tensing up. So if an athlete believes that Icy Hot keeps the muscles from tensing up, then the athletic trainer may choose to continue using the Icy Hot treatment because the athlete thinks it works. If an athletic trainer finds a treatment that works, then he or she will continue using it because if the athlete believes it works, then in a sense, it does work.